
Timbre Semantic Associations Vary both Between and Within Instruments
In this study, the authors aimed to fill a crucial gap in timbre research regarding the variation and range in timbre within an instrument and its corresponding semantic associations. These variations depend on dynamics, pitch, articulation, duration, vibrato, technique, and other parameters.

Cinq danses profanes et sacrées — Henri Tomasi
The sound of today’s bassoon far exceeds the range and intensity of its ancestors, and recent music written for the bassoon has increased in variety and complexity accordingly. Extended techniques for bassoon, including multiphonics and timbral trills, create entirely new and almost uncharacteristic timbres, ones that listeners cannot even identify as bassoon sounds. Thus, the timbral lexicon for bassoon could use some updates.